The tank is primarily a settling tank where the organic matter contained in. Find Soakaway stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, 3D objects, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. This is the case for domestic driveway or garden soakaways and larger commercial systems. 3. Crates measures 800x500x540mm = 0. Located upstream of retention, attenuation and infiltration drainage systems, RIDGISTORMSeparate Silt Traps capture and retain silt and separate out other particles by encouraging settlement in the unit sump, preventing ingress into sustainable drainage systems (SuDS). Sign up now for a risk- free demo account. 05m/h. For soakaway purposes the crate is wrapped in a geotextile material which is permeable, but protects the system from debris, and allows the water to slowly release back into the ground through infiltration. The length of the septic tank should be 2 to 4 times the width. 3. * * You can view all the datasheets for the range here:. Since water flow impacts much of the region's. Swimming pool backwash discharge and basement developments. In this guide, we will look at what a soakaway is and how it relates to a septic tank. Design soakaway. Site Suitability. 8m long, 1. 2: Plastic units used in a soakaway from publication: Methodology for adapting hydrological impacts and adapting hydrological model to risk assessment | In the. Visit. The shape or footprint, of a septic system drainfield or leaching bed is determined by the following considerations: The size and shape of the land available in which septic components can be placed. How can I be sure that my septic system is working correctly? Buying a home is one of the biggest investments you will make, so you want to avoid anyView all files of Reinforced Concrete Design. Soakaways should be constructed in a circuit to make a continuous loop. Drains are underground pipes that take water away from houses and buildings. A Soakage Pit is a covered, porous-walled chamber that allows water to slowly soak into the ground. This in turn runs through the outlet into the land drain and soakaway. The fitter assured us that it was all done correctly and that it has been fitted into a soakaway. Design guide for septic drainfields: field size, dimensions, depth, layout suggestions. If you have a question about your septic tank soakaway give us a call on 01759 369915 and we can normally arrange a free survey and diagnosis of the extent of the soakaway system problem. 2010. Septic Tanks and Soakaway Page 11 ANNEXURE 1 – SABS 0400-1990 Tables 1, 2 and 3 ANNEXURE 2 – Diagram of a Concrete Septic Tank ANNEXURE 3 – Diagram of Various Storage Tanks ANNEXURE 4 – Diagram of a Trench Soakaway ANNEXURE 5 – Diagram of a Circular Soakaway Minimum soakaway site distances . Design Considerations of Soak Pit 1. All modern condensing boilers require a condensate pipe to run to a suitable drain. Soakaway design. The process is as follow: Bore a hole 150mm dia to 1m below ground level. Soakaways are square or circular excavations either filled with rubble or lined with brickwork, pre-cast concrete or polyethylene rings/perforated storage structures surrounded by granular backfill. When wastewater is discharged into a soak-pit, it slowly soaks into the ground. The way yours has been installed is likely to come free during strong winds and will cause damp problems over time. This is included to visually reinforce the problem of allowing water to permeate into the superficial or sandy. In terms of other jobs, installing a new soakaway drain beneath a lawn would cost between £580 and £840. This totally depends on the size of the soakaway pit and the bar spacing. All modern boilers can’t run without one. Pump Station 8 Pipe Protection 8 Special Features 9. This is to protect the soakaway, surrounding soils and groundwater from contamination by spilled oils and fuels. Buy Visual Soakaway Design. BS 6297: 2007 states that for a Sewage Treatment Plant a factor of 0. Reproduced from Scottish Building Standards Agency (2007) . This manual provides instructions on the design of on-site residential and commercial sewage disposal systems utilizing septic tanks only; and encompasses conventional gravity flow and effluent pumpStep 1. from publication: Urban Flooding Mitigation Techniques. Download scientific diagram | 2. Silt traps can be used in soakaway systems to prevent clogging by dirt, silt, and other particles that can make the system less effective. Permeable surfaceFull Drainage Design Suite. You will pay for surface water drainage in your bill in one of the following ways: a fee in the standing charge. Below, we have described some of the most common ways that your system can look: Wastewater:. The geotextile wrapping prevent soil ingress that can reduce the storage capacity and the ability to discharge into the ground. Many older septic systems were discharged directly into ditches, streams, etc. Soakaway Problems: Causes, Symptoms, and Solutions. Explore the Inlets page for more details on the different types of Inlets that can be. The manual was co-funded by many of the organisations involved in the SuDS industry, and published by CIRIA. A Soakaway is a pit or trench where surface water is allowed to collect and slowly soak into the surrounding soil or rock. Operating Temperature: 95°C. The mass balance of the soakaway is identical in both models and is given by: (1) B · φ · dSH dt-Q in + Q out = 0 where B is the half width of the soakaway [L], φ is the porosity of soakaway filling material [–], SH is the soakaway water level [L], Q in and Q out are the inflow and outflow per unit length of soakaway [L 2 T − 1] respectively and t is time [T]. To calculate the size/volume of a rubble filled soakaway, the same calculation can be used but the result divided by 0. 25. The bedrock or water table should not, at any time, be within 1. Things like making sure there is suitable access for desludging to take place, and keeping covers clear of obstruction (i. NB: If the water table is hit during the excavation, aAs you can see from the diagram, when the loo is flushed, water and waste enters the bowl and is forced round the bend into the pipe which carries it through the wall of the property at some point, to the main sewer. com (a) Diagram of typical existing chamber soakaway; (b) cross-section of typical existing chamber soakaway, section A–A 142 Water Management 161 Issue WM3 Assessment of existing soakaways for. As a broad brush a Soakaway Size of 1m³ is sufficient to drain a roof area of approximately 50 square metres under normal conditions. 4. Then out a layer of your landscaping fabric across the surface. On the next day, fill to the 300mm mark again and observe the time it takes to soakaway in seconds, from 70% full to 25% full. Download scientific diagram | 1. Figure 1 below is a schematic diagram showing the general arrangement of the components of a soakaway system. I have attached a badly drawn diagram of what I'm trying to suggest lol Many thanksApproved Document H gives guidance on additional measures needed where drains have to run close to foundations. The pit in the garden: 700 X 1800, 1250 deep is, in our opinion, too small and insufficient for a four-bedroom property. Add the Bre 365 soakaway design digest for redacting. . Please ensure that you follow the manufacturers detailed health and safety guidelines that will be provided in the manual when excavating your hole. 5 x 0. The fixtures should be of smooth, hard, durable, impervious and corrosion-resistant materials, free from flaws and blemishes. A soakaway is a system comprised of a hole dug in the ground and filled with rubble and coarse stones. Digest. From . 4 sqm. Updated: July 30, 2023. Wall mounted ASHP: Inlet. A schematic diagram of this phenomenon is shown on figure 3. Figure 1 below is a schematic diagram showing the general arrangement of the components of a soakaway system. Drainage Sales representative explains the different ways to connect a waste pipe to a 110mm soil pipe using a Boss Adaptor. 2m MUST be supported to eliminate risk of bank collapse. ® All our robust BioDisc® models cater for properties housing between 4-18 people. This closes the pores and fissures at the excavation interface leading to. Excavated Dimensions For Soakaway = 1. Chris Ellis Project Services. 1. If you have or are planning to start a discharge to surface water in or near a protected. A soak-pit is a closed porous chamber that is directly. Design of soakaway. At least 2. To get in touch to discuss a project with us or request more information, send us an email or call on 01204 361547. The open graded materials must still be compacted in the same way as normal sub-base to provide a firm foundation for the driveway, but will have voids between the pieces of stone. 150x150mm DIA LONS 210 980 210. A t = p X V p X 0. 1 – Types of WC Discharge It is highly recommended to install a P-trap system. 5m x 0. If you have opened a surface only drain, the dyed test water will only show up when the dye is added to a surface drainage point. 1,000-gallon septic tanks are 8 feet 2 inches long, 5 feet 8 inches wide, and 5 feet 1 inch deep. 4 Section 6. As more and more surfaces are sealed with buildings, car parks and roads, the sewer system is having to work harder, especially in built-up areas, and. So here are the Typical Details of Septic Tank and Soakaway form the dwgnet. 0 Page 214 of 264 Figure 6. 1. The condensate is about the same acidity as tomato sauce so unlikely to decimate your front garden, the soakaway is normally filled with limestone choppings which neutralise the condensate, either. Once the hole is dug to the correct depth, add a layer of gravel at the base, approximately 1000mm. View all: McAlpine Flues & Boiler Accessories. BRE Digest 365 is the most commonly used document. 5m is typically sufficient. These systems are designed to collect and remove surface water, either by emptying it into the sewer system, or by allowing it to drain back into the ground below. Scalping (trading) - Wikipedia. 3 72 - 73 Project Solutions. As new wastewater enters the septic tank, it displaces the water that's already there. 2) m3 is suitable for a family with 4-5 members, which has the. A conventional septic tank system comprises three major components: a septic tank, a distribution device and an absorption/infiltration field or trench (Figure 1). 040) Example 1. 2 metres from a boundary. It is recommended that the soakaway is not installed near any service pipework such as water or electrical mains cables and the installation of the soakaway should be a minimum of 500mm away from the building The M cAlpine soakaway should be installed in a hole depth of approximately 400mm minimum x 200mm in diameter. 8m, and so it could be excavated as. Inlets. It serves the function of letting the wastewater coming from the septic tank to slowly soak into the underlying ground. O. Septic soakaway / drainfield location using documents, How to find the septic drainfield or leach field by searching official or building department records How to use records of septic locations, whom to ask Questions & answers about septic tank and drainfield records, sketchs, and diagrams showing component location - using recorded. septic system and drain field scheme. from a sink, basin, bath or shower should be adopted, where possible. Calculate: A sp (area of base of soak pit) = 5. Figure 1 The General Arrangement of Components of a Soakaway System . - added pop-up messages and diagrams to explain levels in soakage trial pit and how to make measurements during infiltration test. Free Structural Design Software. The deviation is smaller for scenarios. Before installing your sewage treatment plant, you should have already planned for future maintenance needs. The performance of a soakaway is dependent on the shape and size of the soakaway, the surrounding soil’s infiltration characteristics and the depth to groundwater. I can offer, in general, that a soakaway pit cannot treat sewage effluent effectively - below about 1/2 metre of soil depth there's not enough oxygen to support aerobic bacteria that are needed. Follow these 6 simple steps to install soakaway crates – both quickly and correctly: Step 1 – Create space. Condensate soakaway container for use with limestone chippings. The aims of the observatory were to: assess the effectiveness of permeable paving in improving recharge to the ground, compared to impermeable surfaces. Soakaway infiltration of stormwater runoff at site, neighbourhood and catchment scales has long been practised throughout the UK and Europe, and recharge studies have demonstrated their. The soakaway should then be filled with 10mm limestone chippings; Soakaway Installation. Also how can someone combine septic tank and soakaway together in a dry land area. 5 metres from the boundary. 5 per cubic metre. These areas are useful for analyzing a geographic area, as it aims to understand waterfall and flow in the area. This is a cross section of the designed swale. The design of a foul water drainage system means that blockages should not occur if the system has been installed properly. stock vectorSeptic tanks are simple. We can sometimes get your sewage treatment system,. 25m3 of water, so 1m3 divided by 0. 3. being constructed. grease), clarified water, and sludge (diagram reprinted from Tilley et al. 5. That means that for every 2 meters of trench length, it should fall. Connecting a waste pipe to a 110m. Get Your FREE Online Quote Today! Save up to £590 PER YEAR on your heating bills. SUDS maintenance will be undertaken from the end of the intermediate SUDS management area, where the adoptionThe odds ratio for the direction of groundwater flow was 0. 8 m3. The design principles were utilised to present a modern design, which would be appropriate for land with the incline found at theMinimum Condensate Drain Pipe Sizing Chart. (When calculating the size of a soak pit, the volume of water storage available for a rock-filled hole is 0. Description. For larger projects, where a trial pit up to 6 metres deep may be required, trench shoring must be used. 2. 5m, are used for compact spaces. The water table should not reach the bottom of the pit at any time of the year. To construct a basic stand alone soak away or one to use as a dispersal point for a French drain system where the water will gradually seep away into the surrounding soil. edu. au . g. Broken down, labour costs average around £240 per day. 24 Kg. a charge based on the rateable value of your property. Septic Tank Maintenance. 2 SEPTIC TANKS What Is a Septic Tank? If you live in a rural area or some place remote where there is no connection to the main sewer line, then you most likely have a septic tank or will need one. If above ground the condensate pipe must be protected with a waterproof lagging. Standard regulations states that for any house up to and including 3 bedrooms, the minimum size sewage system that can be installed is for 5 persons, with one extra person added for each extra bedroom. Soakaways also known as drainage pits are a simple way of collecting and dispersing surface and storm water. Quoting the EPA manual: Most onsite code requirements for system design of residential dwellings call for estimating the flow on a per person or per bedroom basis. 118. Percolation test procedure for surface water soakaways. 2m (4ft x 4ft x 4ft). S - is the required storage in m 3. Distance from water source to soakaway was insignificant at 5 percent significance level with the p-valve of 0. support@cadbull. Download dwg Free - 99. The pipe(s) from the pump(s) will feed into a separate Valve Chamber structure located nearby which, in turn, feeds into the rising main leading to the sewer system. Any qualified gas engineer will easily rectify this for you. 2m (7ft) from a boundary. A septic tank should only need emptying when the. We have been working with Nanotech on various projects, in Ghana. Jan 20, 2015. minimum dimension of the septic tank. 0 years experience. The downpipe should definitely be secured to the wall using brackets spaced no further than1. The diagram (right) explains the process: Fig 1 – The completed soakaway installation. All fixtures connected to foul drawings shall be trapped as close to the fixture as possible. common septic system design image. There are all details about the Septic Tank, Plan, Cros Section, Foundation, levels, manhole covers etc, So We hope this Septic Tank details also will be useful for you. This edition of Digest 365 sewer. Soakaway should be at least 600mm from the wall to avoid causing damp to the footings. Below are a couple of lovely septic tank diagrams to show you the two most common types of septic tank baffles. 9 Drainage Hotspot 9A soakaway is a hole dug into the ground that is filled with coarse stone and rubble or plastic crates. 2 56 - 57 Ventilation 5. A soak pit or a soakaway is a closed porous chamber that is directly connected to a primary treatment unit of residential or commercial building. It serves the function of letting the wastewater coming from the septic tank to slowly soak into the underlying ground. Farms which can achieve very high levels of dry removal. CONCRETE WITH THICK RENDERING. This type of design is popular with large general amenity playing fields and big rectangular lawns. Materials and labour fees. Leach field or soakaway field size requirements for these septic system designs: Trench Line Specs, Detailed Specifications, Leach Fields, Gravelless Systems, Deep Trench Systems, Shallow Trench Systems, Cut and Fill Systems, & Absorption Bed Systems. from publication: Effects of an urban sanitation intervention on. Country. This calculation produces Vp in secs/mm [conversion = (1/Vp) /1000]. Often the soakaway is placed away from the flooding area and a pipe connects the area to the soakaway in the form of a gutter or drain. a - is the internal surface area of the soakaway to 50% effective depth, excluding the base in m 2. 4 61 - 62 Maintenance 5. But the length of a reinforcement rod is 10,058mm and the span to be covered is 3048mm. Excavate a hole 300mm square to a depth 300mm below the proposed invert level of the soakaway pipes. Your first step in working out how to build a soakaway in clay soil is to decide how large your garden soakaway drainage system will be. Call Septic Service Pros 1. Then all you need to do is simple decide on the type of soakaway crate you require, and divide 1m3 by the volume of each individual crate. The shape and design is similar to those of a water well, but dry wells are filled with gravel, or surrounded by gravel, and usually covered from sight. Septic tank and absorption pit dwg. "Overall depths of excavation will be typically 1. If the soakaway becomes blocked up with fat grease and sludge it will stop working. The soakaway shouldto receive the next storm. published 30 April 2023. Also check for visible blockages within the pipework. 6. Each Brett Martin crate measures 1200mm long, 600mm wide and. g. Stormwater Best Management Practice Wet Ponds Minimum Measure: Post Construction Stormwater Management in New Development and Redevelopment Subcategory: Retention/Detention Description Wet ponds (also referred to as stormwater ponds, wetDownload scientific diagram | 2. Length 7’3 breadth 6’10 Depth 5’4. Jan 27, 2021 - Explore Iheks's board "SOAKAWAY" on Pinterest. Digest 365 is one of the most widely used BRE A traditional way of disposing of surface water from buildings publications, aiding designers to support planning and and paved areas, soakaways are used remotely from a public development applications. If you have opened a foul only drain, the. Only one image can be added per comment but you can post as many comments, and. The internal drainage of most agricultural soils can prevent severe waterlogging (anaerobic conditions that harm root growth), but many. Information for CP1 is subject to ground investigation and trial holes to be carried out before Start of Works. 2012 - v. Then a soakaway might be your answer. — A surface water sewer. A septic tank soakaway is used to safely drain off treated wastewater, thus allowing the effluent level in your tank to remain constant, leaving remaining organic solids to degrade with the help of bacterial breakdown. The size of the drain field is determined by how well. For small soakaways serving 25m² or less, a design rainfall of 10mm in 5 minutes is quoted in the Building Regulation Approved Document H as being an appropriate worst case. The above Infiltration Rate of Soils values will be suitable for an initial or feasibility design, but detailed design must always take place based on site testing. Essex. Make sure the gravel comes no higher than 200mm from the finished level of the ground. 8. Soakaway Drainfields. Surrounding soil should not be clay. Soakaway crate sizes can vary, but a common size for residential use is around 1m x 1m x 1m. The rubble mixture should sit around 5-inches from the surface. Sediment Interception is an important part of soakaway design as it will help to prevent large quantities of sediments from entering the soakaway and blocking the surrounding soils. , evanston, illinois, build. Excavate the area, making a hole that is the right size for the crates and the top, side and base fillers of gravel and sand. Impacts of Urbanization Watershed Leadership Kit, Volume 4. 0m in each direction is appropriate for buildability. V p = Percolation value. Thank you for your time and effort to help others. Soak pit construction procedure. 0 m = 15 m 2. When wastewater passes through the septic tanks, heavier solids sink to the bottom and undergo bacterial digestion. WORKING PRINCIPLE As wastewater percolates through the soil from the soak pit , small particles are filtered out by the soil matrix and organics are digested by. West Point Bridge Designer 2018 (Windows) Steel Connection Design EXCEL Spreadsheet. A inspection chamber must be installed between the septic tank and the soakaway. Covered by our full money back guarantee. Crates can be combined with waterproof geotextile and pipework to create a system that redirects water at a more acceptable flow rate. Growing tree roots interfere with pipes in the system, constricting, damaging, or even collapsing pipes. septic tank. diagrams) To minimise the risk of freezing during prolonged sub-zero conditions, an internal “gravity discharge point” such as an internal soil stack (preferred method), internal kitchen, utility room or bathroom waste pipe e. West Point Bridge Designer 2016 (Windows) BEAMCOL9 - Beam-Column Design per AISC 9th Edition ASD. Adding a soakaway can be essential if you are installing a driveway or trying to reduce waterlogging in your garden. Most homes have separate drains for rainwater and wastewater. Repeat test three times. A condensing boiler, in comparison, can be up to 92% efficient. #936692. I hope you get it sorted,A simpler approach is to excavate the trial pit to establish whether a soakaway is likely to work or not, rather than determine just how effectively it will actually work. A rainwater soakaway is a drainage trench that is dug from surrounding soil in order to manage surface water through a septic tank or and alternative drainage route. Pre-settled effluent from a collection and storage/treatment or (semi-) centralized treatment technology is discharged to the underground chamber from which it infiltrates into the surrounding soil. INTRODUCTION 1 2. They are also referred to as dry wells, soak wells or soak pits in other countries, but in the UK are known as soakaways. There are also images related to soak pit design, soak pit images, soak pit drawingThe Soakaway Design Guide (July 2000) 1b The Soakaway Design Guide (May 2000) i Table of Contents Foreword Definitions and Abbreviations PAGE NO. Break up the earth at the base of the pit with a garden fork. septic system and drain field scheme. Soakaways serving a roof area 25m2 up to a maximum area of 100m2 3. number of persons that the unit is designed to serve. This is usually achieved with a number of chambers within the tank and the use of T pipes or baffles. Before 2005, older, non-condensing boilers wasted between 30-50% of heat due to combustion gases escaping via the flue. Then all you need to do is simple decide on the type of soakaway crate you require, and divide 1m3 by the volume of each individual crate. Where C is the capacity or volume of the soakaway in m 3 A is the area of roof of the building in m 2 R is the rainfall expressed in m/h (metres / hour) For the rainfall a standard 50mm per hour is usually used which equates to 0. Septic tank and absorption pit. Pre-settled effluent from a collection and storage/treatment or (semi-) centralized treatment technology is discharged to the underground chamber from which it infiltrates into the surrounding soil. PDF | This paper describes a practical approach for investigation, assessment and design of the exiting soakaways, which can be utilised for. Termination of ventilation stacks or ventilation part of discharge 11 7. This article describes how to construct a Soakaway for draining water away from a domestic garden and is best read together with my other drainage related pages linked from here. A septic tank may be more suitable for properties with high water usage, while a soakaway may be more suitable for properties with low water usage. The water table must be below your intended site to facilitate effective drainage away from the soakaway. soakaway to balance determine the maximum storage temporarily inflow and outflow. Affiliate Disclaimer. 1. Top or Side-Entry. A soakaway system is an online system whereby all storm water flows into the crate structure and infiltrates into the surrounding ground as and when saturation allows, until the crate structure is completely empty. Fill the 300mm square hole to at least the 300mm mark and allow to soakaway over night. It is best to construct a single compartment for small capacity septic tanks. g. Garden or driveway soakaways are usually rectangular pits or trenches and will typically be between 1. Retention ponds are one of the most popular ways that help in managing stormwater. Pour water to 300mm in depth, measure from the bottom. A Soakaway is a pit or trench where surface water is allowed to collect and slowly soak into the surrounding soil or rock. Posted on 08 Sep 2023. French Drains – How They Work. Soakaway Pit Design. 2m x 1. 6m (3m long, 3m wide, 3. It takes approximately 5. Step 2. 25 for septic tanks. Once the tests are completed then bore the hole 1 m lower (2m bgl) Repeat the process above. 8m deep) Excavated Dimensions For Septic Tank = 3m x 3m x 3. Make any adjustments required: insert text and pictures to your Bre 365 soakaway design digest, underline details that matter, erase parts of. As an affiliate, we may earn a commission from qualifying purchases. Pour water to 300mm in depth, measure from the bottom. Download scientific diagram | b: Construction of a soakaway pit for discharge of liquid effluent from intervention latrines. (iii) Septic drainfield or soakaway trenches shall be excavated to design depth with bottoms practically level. youtube. Below are a couple of lovely septic tank diagrams to show you the two most common types of septic tank baffles. ,sinking soakaway in nigeria and africa part 2also more discussion about your construction worriesExcavation. For example, in the past a hole of say 3 x 3 x 1 metres would necessitate an excavation of 9 cubic metres, producing a wall percolation area of 12 square metres; our design, as per sketch plans B-W 73/1 and B-W 73. The causes and solutions for smelly drains and sewage systems. The basic functions and the need for a soak pit. how to build a soakaway for a septic tank - building a soakaway for a septic tankthis video I. Septic tank system work diagram does tanks typical works systems leach tank1 waste treatment dummies water soil soakaway they repair Septic system sewer county tank water diagram conventional treatment projects disposal Septic tank system systems biodigester. You may also experience wastewater backing up into. Dry wells (also known as soakaway pits, soakwell, or soak pit), is one of the earliest models of a water runoff management system. Depending on the type you have, the pipe which runs to your soakaway will either come directly from your property (usually a gutter), from an area where there is an overflow of surface water (via a system such as a French drain), or from a private system such. The stream is DEAD! This is a failed soakaway in a garden. Unlike water wells that. It is now easier to find the option to design soakaways from modular geocellular units. Diagram Of Septic Tank System. Gary August 11, 2019 Reply. published 30 April 2023. 4 Section 6. Figure 1 below is a schematic diagram showing the general arrangement of the components of a soakaway system. Diagram of a section of a wastewater infiltration system (soakaway). Construction development of a septic tank and absorption well design. all water resources, including surface water, groundwater, urban and roof runoff and wastewater. AquaCrate Soakaway Range – product data. For more complex designs, soakaways can take up to two days to install and therefore are likely to cost around £2,500. 13,13-A, Nakshatra Arcade, IOC road, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India - 380060 +91 982 401 1921 . A soakaway system normally includes screens, a catch pit, a septic tank, soakaway pit andtrenches, and the associated dung channels. We get commissions for purchases made through links on this website from Amazon and other third parties. Here's how to build one — plus soakaway crates you can easily buy. The basic equation may therefore be. The cost of constructing these drainage systems varies according to the size, cost of building materials, and cost of services in that particular location.